How to Prevent Down Syndrome During Pregnancy

MBBS, MS Degree in OBG, Consultant,

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Mohali.

Understanding Down Syndrome

Introduction:

Down syndrome is a genetic condition that affects a significant number of families worldwide, and India is no exception. With increasing awareness and medical advancements, there are ways to manage and even prevent the risk of having a child with Down syndrome. According to Dr Ekawali Gupta , MBBS, MS Degree in OBG, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist this blog aims to shed light on this sensitive topic and provide actionable steps for expectant mothers.

What is Down Syndrome?

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs when an individual has an extra copy of chromosome 21. This additional genetic material alters the course of development and causes the characteristics we associate with Down syndrome.

How is it Caused?

The condition is usually caused by an error in cell division, resulting in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. The reasons for this abnormal cell division are still not entirely understood but are believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Risk Factors

Understanding the risk factors associated with Down syndrome can help in taking preventive measures. Here are some of the key factors:

Maternal Age

35-39 Years: Women in this age group have a 1 in 350 chance of having a child with Down syndrome.
40-44 Years: The risk increases to 1 in 100 for women aged between 40 and 44.
45 Years and Above: For women over 45, the risk further escalates to 1 in 30.

Paternal Age

While maternal age is often highlighted, research suggests that advanced paternal age can also contribute to the risk, especially when combined with advanced maternal age.

Previous Child with Down Syndrome

If a family already has a child with Down syndrome, the risk for subsequent children increases. The recurrence risk is about 1% regardless of maternal age.

Genetic Translocation

In some cases, Down syndrome occurs due to a genetic translocation where a part of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome. The risk increases if either parent is a balanced carrier of the translocation.

Family History

A family history of Down syndrome or other genetic conditions can elevate the risk. Genetic counseling can provide a clearer picture of the risk based on family medical history.

Family Planning

Early Parenthood: Opting for early parenthood can be a strategic choice, especially for women, as the risk of Down syndrome increases with maternal age.
Genetic Testing Before Pregnancy: Couples with a family history of genetic disorders can opt for genetic testing even before planning a pregnancy.

Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)

What is PGD?: This technique is used in conjunction with in-vitro fertilization (IVF) to screen embryos for genetic conditions.
Who Should Consider PGD?: Couples who have a high risk of passing on genetic disorders, including Down syndrome, should consider this option.
Limitations: It’s important to note that PGD can be expensive and is not 100% foolproof.

Prenatal Screening

First Trimester: Tests like the nuchal translucency scan can provide early indicators.
Second Trimester: The triple or quadruple test can further assess the risk.
Invasive Testing: In high-risk cases, doctors may recommend invasive tests like amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS).

Consulting Healthcare Professionals

Importance of Genetic Counseling

If you’re at a higher risk of having a child with Down syndrome, consulting a genetic counselor can provide valuable insights. They can guide you through the available tests, their implications, and help you make informed decisions.

When to Consult a Doctor

If you’re planning a pregnancy or are already pregnant, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider for a comprehensive prenatal care plan. This is especially important for women over the age of 35 or those with a family history of genetic disorders.

Conclusion

Preventing Down syndrome is a complex issue that involves a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. While it’s not entirely preventable, understanding the risk factors and taking proactive steps can significantly reduce the risks. Regular prenatal check-ups, genetic counseling, and advanced screenings are essential components of a proactive healthcare approach.

Dr Ekawali Gupta will respond to your query as soon as possible. For emergencies please call and reach Motherhood Hospital, Mohali.

At Motherhood Hospitals, we have a team of experienced supers specialists backed by the latest infrastructure and facilities. We have the best gynaecologist in Mohali. We are experts in handling complex deliveries, gynecological, and other surgeries including a range of laparoscopic surgeries.

Do make an appointment with the best woman care hospital in Mohali at a center closest to you. Meet with our doctors who will carry out the required investigations, diagnose the issue, and recommend the most appropriate treatment, enabling you to lead an active life.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Ekawali Gupta, please book your appointment here.

VBAC (Vaginal Birth After Caesarean): Is It Right for You?

Author: Dr. Preethika Shetty

MBBS, MRCOG, FRCOG, DGO

Consultant – Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospital, Kharadi, Pune

VBAC (Vaginal Birth After Caesarean): Is It Right for You?

Introduction

Vaginal Birth After Caesarean (VBAC) is a term that has been gaining traction in the realm of childbirth. As per Dr. Preethika Shetty MBBS, MRCOG, FRCOG, DGO, Consultant – Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospital, Kharadi, Pune It refers to the process where women undergo vaginal delivery following a cesarean delivery in a prior pregnancy. The allure of VBAC stems from several potential benefits it holds over opting for a repeat C-section, which include a shorter recovery period, less surgical risk, and the unique experience of vaginal childbirth. This article endeavors to delve deep into the intricacies of VBAC, illuminating the pros, cons, and eligibility criteria to empower expectant mothers with the knowledge needed to make an informed decision.

Understanding VBAC

VBAC is more than just a choice; it represents a shift from the surgical procedure of a C-section to a vaginal delivery. This transition is facilitated by the body’s capability to heal post the initial C-section and the inherent ability to support a vaginal birth. The process of VBAC involves a trial of labor after cesarean section (TOLAC), wherein the mother undergoes labor with the intention of vaginal delivery, closely monitored by healthcare professionals to ensure the safety of both mother and baby.

Pros of VBAC

Opting for VBAC comes with a plethora of benefits:

Surgical Avoidance: Unlike a C-section, VBAC involves no abdominal surgery, thereby eliminating the complications associated with surgical procedures.
Speedier Recovery: The recovery period post-VBAC is significantly shorter compared to a C-section, enabling a quicker return to daily activities.
Vaginal Childbirth Experience: For many, the experience of vaginal childbirth holds emotional and psychological significance.
Consideration for Future Pregnancies: VBAC can be a prudent choice for those planning more pregnancies, helping avoid the risks associated with multiple cesarean deliveries, such as placental problems.

Risks of VBAC

While VBAC has its merits, it’s not devoid of risks:

Failed Trial of Labor: A failed trial of labor could lead to emergency C-sections, which may carry more complications than a planned C-section.
Uterine Rupture: Although rare, occurring in less than 1% of cases, uterine rupture is a serious complication where the C-section scar on the uterus breaks open, necessitating an emergency C-section.

Eligibility for VBAC

VBAC isn’t for everyone; eligibility hinges on several factors:

Type of Uterine Incision: The type of incision from the previous C-section plays a pivotal role in determining VBAC eligibility.
Previous Uterine Surgeries: Other uterine surgeries may rule out the possibility of VBAC due to the increased risk of uterine rupture.
Number of Previous C-Sections: The number of prior C-sections could influence the decision, with many healthcare providers hesitant to recommend VBAC post multiple C-sections.
Health Concerns: Existing health concerns could sway the decision towards a repeat C-section to ensure the safety of both mother and child.

Preparing for VBAC

Preparation is key:

Medical Consultations: Engaging in thorough discussions with healthcare providers to understand the risks, benefits, and the process is fundamental.
Choosing the Right Facility: Opting for a healthcare facility well-equipped to handle emergency situations and VBAC is crucial for a safe childbirth experience.

During VBAC: What to Expect

The VBAC experience aligns closely with a routine vaginal birth, albeit with continuous monitoring to promptly address any arising complications. The healthcare provider will likely recommend continuous monitoring of the baby’s heart rate and be prepared for a repeat emergency C-section if necessary.

Conclusion

VBAC is a nuanced choice with many variables at play. Armed with the right information and guided by professional medical advice, expectant mothers can make an informed decision that aligns with their personal circumstances and aspirations for childbirth. Engage in open discussions with healthcare providers, weigh the pros and cons, and prepare diligently to ensure a safe and fulfilling childbirth experience.

If you are on the verge of menopause or are going through menopause along with urinary symptoms, consult Dr. Preethika Shetty at the Motherhood Hospitals.

At Motherhood Hospitals, we have a team of experienced supers specialists backed by the latest infrastructure and facilities. We have the best gynecologist in Pune. We are experts in handling complex deliveries, gynecological, and other surgeries including a range of laparoscopic surgeries.

Do make an appointment with the best woman care hospital in pune at a center closest to you. Meet with our doctors who will carry out the required investigations, diagnose the issue, and recommend the most appropriate treatment, enabling you to lead an active life.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Preethika Shetty, please book your appointment here.

Heartburn during Pregnancy: How to Handle?

Author: Dr. Madhushree Vijayakumar

MBBS, MRCOG, FRCOG, DGO

Consultant – Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospital, Hebbal

Heartburn during Pregnancy: How to Handle?

Introduction

Heartburn, often described as a burning sensation ascending from the stomach to the chest or throat, is a prevalent discomfort encountered during pregnancy. According to Dr. Madhushree Vijayakumar MBBS, MRCOG, FRCOG, DGO, Consultant – Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospital, Hebbal, the incidence rate is significant, with a range of 17% to 45% of pregnant women grappling with this burning sensation at different stages of gestation. The journey of pregnancy brings about numerous physiological changes, one of which is the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter due to the hormone progesterone, paving the way for heartburn. This article endeavors to furnish a detailed guide on effectively managing heartburn during pregnancy, ensuring a comfortable experience for expectant mothers while safeguarding the baby’s health.

Understanding Heartburn

Heartburn is the result of stomach acid backflow into the esophagus—the tube that serves as a conduit for food from the mouth to the stomach. The relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter during pregnancy, primarily due to hormonal changes, facilitates this acid backflow, often leading to heartburn. The discomfort can range from a mild, infrequent annoyance to a severe, persistent irritation, significantly impacting the quality of life of expectant mothers. As pregnancy advances, the growing uterus exerts additional pressure on the stomach, potentially exacerbating heartburn frequency and intensity. Comprehensive knowledge about the dynamics of heartburn and its relation to pregnancy is crucial for devising effective management strategies.

Common Triggers

Identifying and understanding common triggers are the first steps towards effective heartburn management:

Spicy Foods: Spices can irritate the esophagus, instigating or worsening heartburn.
Fatty and Greasy Foods: Such foods tend to linger in the stomach longer, delaying gastric emptying and creating a conducive environment for heartburn.
Caffeine and Alcohol: Both substances can cause the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, enabling stomach acid to surge into the esophagus, and causing heartburn.

Awareness of these triggers and judicious dietary choices can significantly mitigate heartburn symptoms during pregnancy.

Lifestyle Modifications

Adopting certain lifestyle modifications can significantly alleviate heartburn symptoms:

Eating Smaller, Frequent Meals: Smaller meal portions reduce stomach pressure, minimizing the likelihood of acid reflux.
Avoid Lying Down Post Meals: Waiting at least 3 hours after meals before lying down can prevent acid backflow into the esophagus.
Elevating the Upper Body While Sleeping: A slight elevation can help keep stomach acid in its rightful place, reducing heartburn occurrence.

Dietary Modifications

Tailoring the diet to include heartburn-friendly foods while avoiding triggers can offer substantial relief:

Incorporate Alkaline Foods: Alkaline foods like bananas, melons, and cauliflower can help neutralize stomach acid.
Include High-Fiber Foods: High-fiber foods like whole grains and root vegetables can aid in digestive health, potentially reducing heartburn symptoms.
Avoiding Known Triggers: Steering clear of foods and beverages that trigger heartburn is paramount.

Non-Pharmaceutical Remedies

Exploring natural remedies, always in consultation with healthcare providers, can offer additional relief:

Herbal Teas: Certain herbal teas may soothe the digestive system, although the efficacy and safety should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Chewing Gum: Chewing gum can increase saliva production, neutralizing stomach acid.

Pharmaceutical Relief

Under medical supervision, pharmaceutical interventions can provide effective heartburn relief:

Antacids: Antacids can neutralize stomach acid, providing immediate but temporary relief.
Other Medications: Other over-the-counter or prescription medications may be recommended by healthcare providers to manage heartburn symptoms.

Coping Strategies

Employing coping strategies can help manage heartburn symptoms in daily life:

Maintaining a Heartburn Diary: Tracking food intake and heartburn occurrences can help identify personal triggers.
Seeking Professional Advice: Consulting with healthcare providers for personalized advice and treatment plans is crucial for effectively managing heartburn during pregnancy.

Conclusion

Managing heartburn during pregnancy requires a multifaceted approach encompassing lifestyle modifications, dietary adjustments, and possibly pharmaceutical interventions under medical supervision. By understanding the causes, identifying personal triggers, and adopting a tailored management plan, expectant mothers can significantly alleviate heartburn discomfort, ensuring a more comfortable and enjoyable pregnancy journey.

If you are on the verge of menopause or are going through menopause along with urinary symptoms, consult Dr. Madhushree Vijayakumar at the Motherhood Hospitals.

At Motherhood Hospitals, we have a team of experienced supers specialists backed by the latest infrastructure and facilities. We have the best gynecologist in Hebbal. We are experts in handling complex deliveries, gynecological, and other surgeries including a range of laparoscopic surgeries.

Do make an appointment with the best woman care hospital in Hebbal at a center closest to you. Meet with our doctors who will carry out the required investigations, diagnose the issue, and recommend the most appropriate treatment, enabling you to lead an active life.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Madhushree Vijayakumar, please book your appointment here.

Amniotic Fluid: What It Tells Us About Fetal Health

Author: Dr. Tejinder Kaur

MBBS, Diploma in Hospital Administration, Diploma of National Board training, Fellowship in Reproductive Medicine

Consultant: Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospital, Mohali

Amniotic Fluid: What It Tells Us About Fetal Health

Introduction:

The journey of pregnancy is a profound experience, woven with intricate biological processes that nurture the flourishing life within. Central to this developmental saga is the amniotic fluid, a serene aquatic environment that envelops the fetus, ensuring its well-being and facilitating its growth. This protective liquid not only acts as a safeguard against external adversities but also serves as a mirror reflecting the health of the fetus. This article delves into the depths of understanding amniotic fluid and unveils the insights it offers into fetal health.

The Multifaceted Functions of Amniotic Fluid:

Protection:
- The cushioning essence of amniotic fluid safeguards the fetus from potential injuries, mitigating the impact of external pressures and maternal movements.
Developmental Aid:
- It is a playground where the fetus learns to breathe and swallow, crucial activities that foster the development of the respiratory and digestive systems.

Temperature Regulation:
- The fluid retains a stable temperature around the fetus, warding off external temperature fluctuations and creating a warm, comfortable milieu for growth.
Nutritional and Hormonal Support:
- Amniotic fluid carries essential nutrients and hormones from the mother to the fetus, aiding in its overall development.

Diagnosing Disorders Through Amniotic Fluid Levels:

Oligohydramnios (Low Amniotic Fluid):
- An indicator of potential problems with the placenta, or congenital conditions affecting the fetus’s kidneys or urinary tract2 and maternal diabetes and hypertension.
Polyhydramnios (High Amniotic Fluid):
- An excess of amniotic fluid could stem from gestational diabetes, issues with the fetus’s ability to swallow, or problems with the fetus’s stomach or the placenta.

The Prognosis of Abnormal Amniotic Fluid Levels:

Low Amniotic Fluid:
- Early Pregnancy: Risks encompass miscarriage, physical deformities, or impaired lung development.
- Late Pregnancy: The fears extend to umbilical cord compression, fetal growth restriction, and respiratory issues, potentially leading to a cesarean delivery.
High Amniotic Fluid:
- The excessive fluid can exert pressure on neighboring organs, triggering symptoms like swollen feet and breathlessness. Severe scenarios may precipitate preterm labor, the fetus becoming too large, postpartum hemorrhage, or stillbirth.

Monitoring and Therapeutic Interventions:

Monitoring:
- Ultrasounds serve as a vigilant sentinel, monitoring the amniotic fluid levels and paving the way for early detection and intervention.
Treatment:
- Low Amniotic Fluid: Strategies include close monitoring, possibly increasing water intake, or induction of labor if near full-term.
- High Amniotic Fluid: Treatment might involve monitoring the size of the fetus, medication to manage fetal urine production, or in severe cases, draining a small amount of amniotic fluid.

Conclusion:

The elucidation of amniotic fluid unveils a realm of insights into fetal health, portraying a vivid picture of the fetus’s well-being. Its analysis transcends a mere procedural protocol, morphing into a narrative that intricately narrates the tale of growing life. Understanding the significance of amniotic fluid and the implications of its abnormalities empowers expectant parents and healthcare providers with knowledge, enabling a proactive approach towards nurturing a healthy pregnancy and ensuring a safe passage into the world for the burgeoning life.

If you are on the verge of menopause or are going through menopause along with urinary symptoms, consult Dr Tejinder Kaur at the Motherhood Hospitals.

At Motherhood Hospitals, we have a team of experienced supers specialists backed by the latest infrastructure and facilities. We have the best gynecologist in Mohali. We are experts in handling complex deliveries, gynecological, and other surgeries including a range of laparoscopic surgeries.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Tejinder Kaur, please book your appointment here.

Fetal Heart Monitoring: Stages, Procedures, & Results

Author: Dr. Tejinder Kaur

MBBS, Diploma in Hospital Administration, Diploma of National Board training, Fellowship in Reproductive Medicine

Consultant: Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospital, Mohali

Fetal Heart Monitoring: Stages, Procedures, & Results

Introduction:

Fetal Heart Monitoring (FHM) is a crucial practice during pregnancy and childbirth, aimed at assessing the well-being of the fetus by tracking its heart rate and, sometimes, the uterine contractions of the mother. This practice becomes especially vital in a country like India where perinatal mortality rates are relatively high due to various risk factors like maternal infection and preterm birth. This article delves into the stages when FHM is performed, the procedures involved, and what the results could indicate.

Stages:

FHM is generally conducted during three primary stages:

Prenatal Visits: Regular monitoring of the fetal heart rate during prenatal care appointments helps in the early detection of any irregularities.
High-Risk Pregnancies: Pregnancies deemed high-risk due to conditions like preeclampsia or diabetes necessitate more frequent FHM.
Labor and Delivery: Continuous monitoring during labor and delivery helps ensure the baby’s well-being and can alert healthcare providers to potential distress.

Procedures:

FHM can be carried out through various methods, each with its set of procedures:

External Monitoring:
- Fetoscope: A manual method where a fetoscope, similar to a stethoscope, is used to listen to the baby’s heartbeat. Not used in clinical practice anymore.
- Handheld Doppler: Utilizes sound waves to measure the baby’s heart rate, displayed on a pocket handheld screen.
- Continuous Doppler: During labor, continuous monitoring is done using an ultrasound device held in place on the abdomen, providing a continuous readout of the baby’s heart rate alongside uterine contractions.
Internal Monitoring:
- Conducted inside the uterus, a wire is attached to the baby’s head for continuous heart rate tracking, especially utilized when external monitoring results are unreliable or more precise monitoring is required.

Risks:

While generally safe, continuous electronic monitoring can restrict movement and potentially increase the chances of a cesarean section or delivery using vacuum devices or forceps. Internal monitoring carries risks like injury to the baby’s scalp, maternal infection, or transmission of infections like HIV from mother to baby.

Results & Follow-Up:

Results from FHM are usually shared by healthcare providers promptly. An abnormal heart rate or rhythm doesn’t always signify danger; however, persistent changes in heart rate could necessitate further monitoring, other tests, or in severe cases, an immediate cesarean section or assisted vaginal delivery.

At-Home Monitoring:

At-home fetal heart rate monitors and mobile apps are available but come with their set of drawbacks. They might not provide accurate results and could potentially lead to undue stress or a false sense of confidence. The FDA discourages the use of at-home Doppler devices due to the lack of medical necessity and the requirement of training to accurately use and interpret the devices.

Conclusion:

FHM is an invaluable tool for ensuring fetal well-being throughout pregnancy, especially during labor and delivery. While the procedures are largely safe, understanding the nuances, risks, and interpretations of FHM results is pivotal for expectant parents to ensure a healthy pregnancy and childbirth experience.

If you are on the verge of menopause or are going through menopause along with urinary symptoms, consult Dr Tejinder Kaur at the Motherhood Hospitals.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Tejinder Kaur, please book your appointment here.

Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping: Benefits and Risks

Author – Dr Ekawali Gupta

MBBS, MS Degree in OBG,

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Mohali.

Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping: Benefits and Risks

Introduction:

Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping (DUCC) is a medical practice that has garnered substantial attention in both the medical community and among expectant parents.Dr Ekawali Gupta , MBBS, MS Degree in OBG, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist says that , The procedure involves a deliberate delay in clamping the umbilical cord after the baby is born, allowing for a more extended period of blood transfer from the placenta to the newborn. This article aims to provide an exhaustive examination of the benefits, risks, and considerations surrounding DUCC.

What is Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping?

Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping is not merely a delay in action but a calculated medical decision. The practice involves waiting for a predetermined period—usually between 30 seconds to 5 minutes—after the baby’s birth before clamping the umbilical cord. This delay facilitates the transfer of nutrient-rich blood from the placenta, providing the newborn with a range of physiological advantages. As per the best gynecologist in mohali, This is in contrast to immediate cord clamping, which is often performed within 10 to 15 seconds after birth, limiting the transfer of these essential nutrients.

Benefits of Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping
The benefits of DUCC are numerous and supported by a growing body of scientific evidence:

Increased Iron Reserves: Iron is crucial for a child’s development, affecting everything from cognitive abilities to immune function. DUCC allows for a significant increase in the baby’s iron reserves, which can have a long-lasting positive impact on both cognitive and physical development.

Reduced Risk of Anemia: Anemia in newborns can lead to a host of health complications, including reduced oxygen-carrying capacity, which can affect developmental milestones. DUCC has been shown to substantially reduce the risk of neonatal anemia.

Improved Cardiovascular Stability: The additional blood volume transferred during DUCC can significantly stabilize the baby’s cardiovascular system. This is particularly beneficial in the immediate postnatal period, providing a smoother transition to life outside the womb.

Risks Associated with Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping
While the benefits are compelling, it’s crucial to also consider the potential risks:

Risk of Jaundice: One of the most commonly cited risks is an increased likelihood of neonatal jaundice. This condition, characterized by a yellowing of the skin and eyes, may require phototherapy or other treatments.
Potential for Infection: Although the risk is generally considered low, delaying the clamping of the umbilical cord could potentially increase the risk of infection. This is particularly a concern in settings where sterile conditions may not be optimal.

At Motherhood Hospitals, we take a balanced and individualized approach to DUCC. Our team of obstetricians, pediatricians, and neonatologists collaboratively evaluate each case to determine the most appropriate course of action. Our commitment to evidence-based practice ensures that we weigh both the benefits and risks to provide the best possible care for both the mother and the newborn.

Conclusion
Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping is a nuanced practice that offers several benefits but also comes with its own set of risks. Therefore, best gynecologist in sector 32 says that, it’s crucial for expectant parents to consult with healthcare providers to make an informed decision that considers both the scientific evidence and individual circumstances.

Dr Ekawali Gupta will respond to your query as soon as possible. For emergencies please call and reach Motherhood Hospital, Mohali.

At Motherhood Hospitals, we have a team of experienced supers specialists backed by the latest infrastructure and facilities. We have the best gynaecologist in Mohali. We are experts in handling complex deliveries, gynaecological, and other surgeries including a range of laparoscopic surgeries.

Do take an appointment with the best woman care hospital in Mohali at a centre closest to you. Meet with our doctors who will carry out the required investigations, diagnose the issue and recommend the most appropriate treatment, enabling you to lead an active life.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Ekawali Gupta, please book your appointment here.

Labor Induction: When Is It Necessary and What Are the Methods?

Author – Dr Ekawali Gupta

MBBS, MS Degree in OBG,

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Mohali.

Labor Induction: When Is It Necessary and What Are the Methods?

Introduction:

Labor induction is a medical procedure wherein doctors use medications or other methods to trigger labor in a pregnant woman. Dr Ekawali Gupta, MBBS, MS Degree in OBG, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist says that This procedure is critical when waiting for natural labor could pose risks to either the mother or the baby. In India, with its burgeoning population and diverse healthcare challenges, labor induction is a commonly practiced procedure to ensure the safety and timely delivery of babies.

Section 1: Circumstances Necessitating Labor Induction

Labor induction is not a one-size-fits-all solution and is recommended under specific circumstances. Some of the situations that might necessitate labor induction include:

Post-term Pregnancy: When a pregnancy extends beyond 40 weeks, it is considered post-term. In such cases, labor induction may be recommended to avoid potential complications.
Pre-eclampsia or High Blood Pressure: Pre-eclampsia is a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems, most often the liver and kidneys. Labor induction may be necessary to prevent severe complications.
Health Conditions: Certain health conditions in either the mother or the baby may necessitate earlier delivery. These could include gestational diabetes, heart disease, or other serious conditions.
Water Breaking: If a woman’s water breaks (membranes rupture) without the onset of contractions, labor may need to be induced to prevent infections and complications.
Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR): This condition occurs when the baby grows slower than normal during pregnancy. Labor induction might be considered to prevent further complications.
Cholestasis of Pregnancy: This is a liver condition that causes severe itching and can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby, prompting the need for labor induction.

Labor induction is a decision taken in conjunction with medical professionals who assess the unique health conditions and risks involved. It is a step towards ensuring the safety and well-being of both the mother and the child.

Section 2: Methods of Labor Induction

Labor induction can be achieved through various methods. The choice of method largely depends on the condition of the cervix and the particular circumstances of the pregnancy. Below are some common methods of labor induction:

Medicinal Methods:
Misoprostol: A synthetic prostaglandin, Misoprostol is used to ripen the cervix and induce labor. The INFORM study conducted in India highlighted the effectiveness and acceptability of low-dose oral Misoprostol, showing promising results, especially in low-resource settings.
Dinoprostone: Similar to Misoprostol, Dinoprostone is a Prostaglandin gel used for cervical ripening and labor induction.
Mechanical Methods:
Foley Catheter: A Foley catheter is inserted into the cervix and inflated to help the cervix dilate. It’s a mechanical method of induction that doesn’t involve medications.
Membrane Stripping: This method involves a healthcare provider inserting a finger into the cervix and gently separating the amniotic sac from the uterine wall to stimulate labor hormones.
Surgical Methods:
Artificial Rupture of Membranes (Amniotomy): This procedure involves making a small opening in the amniotic sac to stimulate contractions and induce labor.

Each method has its own set of advantages, disadvantages, and suitability based on individual circumstances. It’s imperative that the chosen method is discussed and agreed upon with healthcare providers.

Section 3: Success and Acceptability of Various Induction Methods in India

The success and acceptability of labor induction methods in India were notably highlighted in the INFORM study. This study compared oral Misoprostol with Foley catheter induction in a government hospital in India, revealing a 10% higher rate of vaginal birth within 24 hours and less need for caesarean section with Misoprostol. Women in the Misoprostol group were also more satisfied with the outcome compared to those induced with the catheter method.

The results of the INFORM study are encouraging for the use of low-dose Misoprostol, particularly in patients with mild hypertensive disease in low-resource settings. However, further studies are needed in women with severe, early-onset hypertensive disease and intrauterine growth restriction.

The choice of induction method greatly affects the experience and satisfaction of women undergoing labor induction. Hence, continuous research and patient education are pivotal in optimizing the labor induction process in India.

Section 4: Risks and Precautions

The best gynaecologist in sector 32 says While labor induction is a common practice, it is not without risks. Some potential risks include:

Uterine Hyperstimulation: Over-stimulation of the uterus can lead to fewer resting times between contractions, potentially stressing the baby.
Infection: Any invasive procedure carries the risk of infection, which could be detrimental to both mother and baby.
Unintended Cesarean Delivery: Labor induction might increase the likelihood of needing a cesarean section, especially if the cervix isn’t ready for labor.

It’s crucial to discuss these risks and any concerns with healthcare providers. Proper prenatal care, understanding the procedure, and following medical advice can significantly mitigate these risks.

Section 5: Preparing for Labor Induction

Preparation is key to a smoother labor induction experience:

Mental Preparation: Understanding the procedure, setting realistic expectations, and staying positive are essential.
Discussion with Healthcare Providers: Having a detailed discussion about the induction plan, potential risks, and pain management options is crucial.
Pain Management: Considering pain relief options in advance and discussing these with healthcare providers will ensure better preparedness.

Section 6: Conclusion

Labor induction is a vital procedure that can ensure the safety and timely delivery of the baby. While it carries certain risks, with proper preparation and medical guidance, the process can be made smoother and less stressful. The choice of induction method should be a collaborative decision made with experienced healthcare providers.

Dr Ekawali Gupta will respond to your query as soon as possible. For emergencies please call and reach Motherhood Hospital, Mohali.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Ekawali Gupta, please book your appointment here.

Postpartum Hair Loss: Causes and Coping Strategies

Author – Dr Ekawali Gupta

MBBS, MS Degree in OBG,

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Mohali.

Postpartum Hair Loss: Causes and Coping Strategies

Introduction:

The journey of motherhood brings with it a whirlpool of emotions and changes, both joyous and challenging. One such change that often catches new mothers by surprise is postpartum hair loss. As you navigate through the ups and downs of motherhood, the sight of hair strands on the pillow or in the shower drain can be disconcerting. However, it’s important to know that postpartum hair loss is a common and temporary phase. This article by Dr Ekawali Gupta, MBBS, MS Degree in OBG, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, aims to demystify postpartum hair loss, delve into its causes, and offer coping strategies to manage and mitigate this phase gracefully.

Understanding Postpartum Hair Loss

The anatomy of hair growth is a delicate and complex process regulated by various factors including hormonal levels. Under normal circumstances, as per the best Gynecologist and Obstetrician in Sector 32, hair goes through a growth cycle that consists of the anagen (growing), catagen (transitional), and telogen (resting) phases. During pregnancy, elevated estrogen levels prolong the anagen phase, leading to thicker, lusher hair. However, post-childbirth, as the hormonal tide ebbs, a larger number of hairs transition into the telogen phase, eventually leading to increased shedding, known as postpartum hair loss.

Causes of Postpartum Hair Loss

Hormonal Changes:

The primary cause of postpartum hair loss is the sudden drop in estrogen levels after childbirth. During pregnancy, high levels of estrogen prevent the usual rate of hair shedding, leading to thicker hair. Post childbirth, as estrogen levels plummet, the extra hairs start to shed, manifesting as postpartum hair loss.

Thyroid Issues:

Some women may experience thyroid imbalances post-pregnancy, which can further contribute to hair loss. Thyroid hormones play a vital role in regulating the hair growth cycle. An overactive or underactive thyroid can disrupt this cycle, leading to increased hair shedding.

Iron-Deficiency Anemia:

Iron is crucial for hair health, and a deficiency can lead to hair loss. Pregnancy can deplete iron stores, and if not adequately replenished, may lead to iron-deficiency anemia and subsequent hair loss post-pregnancy.

Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies:

Deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals like vitamin D, B vitamins, and zinc can also contribute to postpartum hair loss.

Stress:

The postpartum period can be stressful, and stress can further exacerbate hair loss. It’s a vicious cycle that needs attention and management.

Coping Strategies

Maintaining a Balanced Diet:

A nourishing diet rich in essential vitamins, minerals, and proteins can support hair health. Incorporate a variety of nutrient-dense foods like leafy greens, nuts, seeds, lean meats, and whole grains. Ensure adequate intake of iron and vitamins, particularly vitamin A, which is known to support hair growth.

Gentle Hair Care:

Adopt a gentle hair care regimen to minimize breakage and further loss. Use mild shampoos, avoid harsh chemical treatments, and be gentle while combing and styling your hair. Avoid tight hairstyles that pull on the scalp.

Stress Management:

Practice stress-reducing techniques like yoga, meditation, and deep breathing. Creating a supportive and serene environment can significantly help in managing stress levels during this transitional phase.

Regular Scalp Massages:

Scalp massages can promote blood circulation, nourish the hair follicles, and create a relaxing routine. Use nourishing oils like coconut or almond oil for the massage, and if possible, indulge in a professional massage session.

Consulting a Healthcare Provider:

If you notice severe hair loss or bald patches, or if the hair loss continues beyond six months, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional. They can provide a proper diagnosis and suggest a treatment plan if necessary.

Patience and Understanding:

Understand the temporary nature of postpartum hair loss and practice patience. Your body has undergone significant changes, and it’s crucial to give it the time and care it needs to recover fully.

Conclusion

Postpartum hair loss, though startling, is a temporary and natural part of the post-pregnancy journey. By understanding the underlying causes and adopting a holistic approach to managing it, you can navigate through this phase with grace and confidence. Remember, every strand of hair that sheds makes way for new growth, mirroring the beautiful journey of motherhood.

Dr Ekawali Gupta will respond to your query as soon as possible. For emergencies please call and reach Motherhood Hospital, Mohali.

At Motherhood Hospitals, we have a team of experienced supers specialists backed by the latest infrastructure and facilities. We have the best gynaecologist in Mohali. We are experts in handling complex deliveries, gynaecological, and other surgeries including a range of laparoscopic surgeries.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Ekawali Gupta, please book your appointment here.

Fear of Labour and Childbirth: Understanding and Overcoming the Dread

Author – Dr Ekawali Gupta

MBBS, MS Degree in OBG,

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Mohali.

Fear of Labour and Childbirth: Understanding and Overcoming the Dread

Introduction

The journey towards motherhood, albeit beautiful and exhilarating, is often accompanied by a spectrum of emotions, fears being one of them. The fear of labour and childbirth is a common concern among expecting mothers, especially in a culturally rich and diverse country like India. However, understanding and addressing these fears can significantly enhance the birthing experience. This article by Dr Ekawali Gupta, MBBS, MS Degree in OBG, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, delves into the common fears associated with labour and childbirth, and their underlying causes, and provides pragmatic coping strategies to overcome them.

Understanding Fear of Labour and Childbirth

As per the best Gynecologist and Obstetrician in Sector 32, Labour and childbirth is a profound life event. The fears surrounding it are often rooted in the fear of pain, fear of the unknown, fear of medical interventions, and fear of something going wrong during the process. Each fear carries its own set of anxieties that can significantly impact the mental and emotional well-being of the expecting mother.

Causes of Fear

Lack of Knowledge: The unknown aspects of labour and childbirth can be daunting. Lack of knowledge can magnify fears and lead to increased anxiety and stress.
Past Traumatic Experiences: Women who have had past traumatic experiences, or who have been exposed to negative childbirth narratives, may carry a heightened fear towards childbirth.

Impact of Fear

Fear can have a ripple effect, influencing the mother’s psychological well-being, her experience of childbirth, and potentially leading to adverse obstetric outcomes and postpartum mental health difficulties.

Coping Strategies

Education and Preparation:

Antenatal education can demystify the process of childbirth and provide realistic expectations. Understanding what to expect can alleviate fears and provide a sense of control.

Professional Support:

A doula can provide support, information, and advocacy during pregnancy, labour, and postpartum, making the process less intimidating.

Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques:

Practices like yoga, meditation, and breathing exercises can help manage stress and anxiety, providing a calming effect.

Positive Reinforcement:

Surrounding oneself with positive childbirth stories and avoiding negative narratives can help in fostering a positive outlook towards childbirth.

Individualized Birth Plan:

Creating a birth plan that aligns with one’s values, preferences, and comfort levels can provide a sense of empowerment and reduce fear.

Professional Help

Seeking counselling or joining support groups can provide a safe space to express fears and work through them with professional guidance.

Conclusion:

Facing the fear of labour and childbirth is a crucial step towards ensuring a positive birthing experience. By understanding the root of these fears and employing coping strategies, expecting mothers can look forward to embracing the transformative journey of childbirth with confidence and serenity.

Dr Ekawali Gupta will respond to your query as soon as possible. For emergencies please call and reach Motherhood Hospital, Mohali.

At Motherhood Hospitals, we have a team of experienced supers specialists backed by the latest infrastructure and facilities. We have the best gynaecologist in Mohali. We are experts in handling complex deliveries, gynaecological, and other surgeries including a range of laparoscopic surgeries.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Ekawali Gupta, please book your appointment here.

How Does Smoking Affect Fertility?

Author – Dr. Shruti Mane

MBBS, M.S, PG Diploma in ART AND Reproductive Medicine, FELLOWSHIP IN REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE (MUHS), Consultant – Infertility Specialist

How Does Smoking Affect Fertility?

Smoking, both active and passive is detrimental for men and women. A constant habit of having cigarettes in your hands does not only affect your lungs but it also deteriorates other organs. The harmful chemicals from cigarettes spread all across your body through the blood vessels. While its consequences may not be evident today, it may cause hindrances when planning a baby. According to Dr Shruti Mane, MBBS, MS, PG Diploma in ART and Reproductive Medicine, Fellowship in Reproductive Medicine (MUHS), Consultant- Fertility Specialist, smoking is dangerous for your reproductive system and decreases your chances of having a baby. This is one of the reasons why putting a hard stop to the smoking habit is the first advice given by Dr Shruti to her patients.

How Does Smoking Affect Women’s Fertility?

A woman’s body is affected greatly by smoking. The top IVF doctor in Navi Mumbai explains how:

1. It Impacts Your Eggs Quality

Carrying cigarettes in your hands may seem fun and games for you today. It, however, can be detrimental to your body in the long run. The chemicals emitted from a cigarette spread all across your body as well as the reproductive system. Upon reaching your reproductive organs, it starts damaging your eggs by promoting premature ageing. Consequently, this leads to a repository of lower–quality eggs in your ovaries. Moreover, this habit also hampers your regular ovulation cycle and brings you to the verge of menopause.

2. More Chances of Miscarriage

As mentioned above, ovaries are adversely affected due to smoking. The best IVF doctor in Navi Mumbai tells us that the chances of women conceiving with lower–quality eggs are rare. Even if a woman conceives, the eggs may not add up to the uterine environment. This way, the eggs may not be able to sustain themselves. Moreover, smoking may also affect the quality of your embryo and increase your miscarriage chances.

How Stopping Smoking Can Affect a Woman’s Fertility?

Since a woman’s body is required to be able to sustain a baby, the fertility specialist in Navi Mumbai restricts women from smoking or even being around those who smoke.

1. It Improves Fertility

Quitting cigarettes can bring miraculous changes to your body. Giving up on the habit of smoking can reverse the damage caused over the years and boost your fertility. The doctor advises this, especially for women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Women with PCOS also have a slower metabolism and smoking may further damage the condition.

2. Normal and Full-Term Delivery

Smoking causes hurdles in your motherhood journey right from conception. If you are a regular smoker, you may first find it difficult to conceive. Now, even if you conceive, your baby may have a premature birth or other abnormalities. Hence, putting a hard stop on cigarettes way before planning to conceive can decrease such risks. Eventually, this may also make your journey more memorable and you may also have a normal and full-term delivery.

3. Healthy Birth Weight

Smoking is hazardous for the health of both the mother and the baby. The smoke coming out of the cigarette also hampers the normal growth of your baby along with the birth weight. By quitting cigarettes, you can give your baby some fresh air to breathe and a healthy environment to grow.

If you are planning to start a family, you need to bid goodbye to cigarettes. Both you and your partner need to be clean to ensure a normal pregnancy. If you are finding it difficult to stop cigarettes or conceive, visit Dr Shruti Mane at the Motherhood Hospitals.