Factors that spike the risk of lifestyle diseases

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that chronic lifestyle diseases will account for 70 percent of global deaths by 2030. Women worldwide face unique health concerns due to unhealthy ways of living. Most women are hardwired to look after families first without paying attention to their own health and in fact, neglecting it on most occasions. And this is further compounded if they are working women trying to balance home and work. Balancing home and work is a difficult process and requires considerable skill. This may lead to irregular food habits, skipping meals, lack of sleep, stress, lack of physical activity, addictions, and poor relationships—all of which contribute to the development of lifestyle diseases.

Lifestyle diseases share risk factors similar to prolonged exposure to three modifiable lifestyle behaviors – smoking, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity and result in the development of chronic diseases, specifically heart disease, stroke, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and some types of cancer.

Major lifestyle diseases in women

Heart disease
Stroke
Diabetes
Obesity
Metabolic syndrome
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Ways to keep lifestyle diseases at bay

Maintaining a healthy weight
Regularly exercising
Eating a healthy diet
Not smoking reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases by 80 percent.

Factors that spike the risk of lifestyle diseases

Diabetes

Diabetes doubles the risk of a second heart attack and heart failure in women who have already had a heart attack. Diabetes increases the risk of heart disease in women more than it does in men with risk factors like obesity, hypertension, and high cholesterol.

Metabolic syndrome

Women who have metabolic syndrome, which includes a large waist, high blood pressure, glucose intolerance, low HDL cholesterol, and high triglycerides, are more likely to develop heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

Smoking

Compared to men, women who smoke are more likely to experience a heart attack. Cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and other diseases are all influenced by persistent, low-grade inflammation.

Stress

Stress, lack of sleep, and lack of physical activity contribute to weight gain. Stress also contributes to an increase in the levels of the hormone cortisol, which leads to inflammation in the body. Cortisol increases hunger and cravings, leading to weight gain. This may lead to pre-diabetes, high blood pressure, hormonal problems, and finally PCOS.

Unhealthy eating habits

Unhealthy meal patterns and irregular meal timings lead to hidden hunger, which means loss of micronutrients leading to deficiencies and other disorders.

Age

Heart disease is the leading cause of preventable death among women. Women are at a high risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes as early as 35 years of age.

Menopause

Women have greater overall cholesterol levels than males do after menopause. Triglyceride levels are a significant factor. Before menopause, a woman’s own estrogen helps protect her from lifestyle diseases, especially heart disease, by increasing HDL (good) cholesterol and decreasing LDL (bad) cholesterol.

Ways to avoid lifestyle diseases?

Adopting healthy behaviors, improving physical activity, stopping tobacco, a high-fiber, low-fat diet to control body weight, good sleeping habits, avoiding excessive alcohol, coping with stress, and seeking support as needed, reduce the risk of death due to lifestyle diseases.

Seasonal flu: its effect on pregnancy, childbirth, and newborns

Author: Dr. Neeraj Kumar

MBBS, DCH, MD

Consultant – Pediatrician, Sector 44, Mohali.

Seasonal flu: its effect on pregnancy, childbirth, and newborns

In India, the seasonal flu, a respiratory illness caused predominantly by the influenza virus, emerges as a significant public health concern. According to Dr. Neeraj Kumar, MBBS, DCH, MD, Consultant – Pediatrician, Sector 44, Mohali, flu infection is seen throughout the year with increased activity in some seasons, causing widespread illness, hospitalization, and even death in severe cases. Its impact is particularly pronounced among vulnerable groups, including pregnant women, infants, the elderly, and individuals with preexisting health conditions.

Understanding the nuances of the seasonal flu is crucial, especially considering its potential repercussions on key life stages such as pregnancy, childbirth, and the health of newborns. The flu’s ability to mutate and adapt only heightens the urgency for continuous education and preventive measures. In a country like India, where diverse climatic conditions and varying healthcare access exist, this becomes even more pertinent. This article aims to delve into the multifaceted impact of the seasonal flu, shedding light on its implications for maternal and child health.

Understanding Seasonal Flu

Defining the Seasonal Flu: More Than Just a Common Cold

At its core, seasonal flu is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses. Unlike the common cold, which is relatively milder, the flu can escalate from mild symptoms to severe complications. The typical symptoms include high fever, aching muscles, a non-productive cough, severe malaise, and sore throat. Its rapid transmission, primarily through droplets from coughing or sneezing, makes it a formidable adversary during flu seasons.

The Viral Culprits: Influenza Types A, B, and C

In India, the influenza landscape is dominated by three primary virus types: A, B, and C. Each type presents its own set of challenges and epidemiological patterns. Influenza A and B are notorious for causing seasonal epidemics, with A being particularly versatile in its ability to mutate, leading to more severe outbreaks. Influenza C, while less common, still poses a threat due to its ability to cause illness, especially in children.

Understanding these virus types is crucial for developing effective vaccination strategies and public health interventions. The influenza virus’s ability to mutate and adapt to environmental conditions underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance and research, particularly in a country as populous and diverse as India.

Seasonal Flu and Fertility

The Intricate Link Between Influenza and Fertility

While the direct impact of seasonal flu on fertility is a complex area of study, understanding this relationship is crucial, especially for those planning a family. Influenza, known for its systemic effects, can potentially influence reproductive health indirectly. Factors such as fever and the body’s immune response to the flu might temporarily affect fertility in both men and women. This underscores the importance of maintaining overall health and flu prevention during one’s reproductive years.

Preparing for Pregnancy Amidst Flu Risks

For couples planning to conceive, navigating the flu season necessitates a proactive approach. This involves adhering to flu prevention guidelines such as regular vaccination, maintaining good hygiene, and avoiding exposure to infected individuals. These measures are not only vital for protecting one’s health but also play a role in creating a conducive environment for conception. It’s a blend of personal responsibility and awareness that paves the way for a healthy start to pregnancy.

The Impact of Flu on Pregnancy

Navigating Pregnancy During Flu Season: A Delicate Balance

Pregnancy brings about significant changes in the immune system, heart, and lungs. These alterations make pregnant women more susceptible to the flu, which can lead to complications such as pneumonia and hospitalization. The suppressed immune system, increased heart rate, and reduced lung capacity during pregnancy create a delicate balance that requires careful management, particularly during the flu season.

The Risks of Contracting Flu in Pregnancy

The implications of contracting the flu during pregnancy extend beyond the mother’s health. Research indicates an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, and low birth weight in babies born to mothers who suffered from the flu during pregnancy. This highlights the critical need for preventive measures, such as flu vaccinations and practicing good hygiene, to safeguard both the mother and the developing fetus.

Flu Vaccination During Pregnancy

Ensuring the Safety of Mother and Child through Vaccination

Flu vaccination during pregnancy is not just a safety measure for the expecting mother but also a protective shield for the unborn child. Numerous studies, including those conducted in India, have shown that seasonal flu vaccines are safe during pregnancy. They play a crucial role in reducing the risk of severe flu-related complications. Pregnant women are recommended to receive the inactivated influenza vaccine, as it does not contain the live virus, ensuring safety for both the mother and the developing fetus.

The Dual Benefit: Protecting the Mother and the Unborn Baby

The seasonal flu vaccine serves a dual purpose. First, it significantly reduces the mother’s risk of contracting the flu, which is especially important given the altered immune system during pregnancy. Second, it offers indirect protection to the unborn baby. The antibodies developed in the mother as a response to the seasonal flu vaccine cross the placenta, providing the baby with passive immunity that lasts for several months after birth. This aspect is crucial in countries like India, where flu can be rampant, and healthcare accessibility varies.

Flu Complications in Pregnancy

Understanding the Spectrum of Complications

The repercussions of contracting the flu during pregnancy can be far-reaching. There is an increased risk of adverse outcomes such as miscarriage, premature birth, and delivering a baby with low birth weight. These risks are compounded by the physiological changes and immune alterations that occur during pregnancy, making flu not just a personal health issue but also a concern for the developing fetus.

Preventive Strategies and Management

Given the potential severity of flu complications during pregnancy, adopting preventive measures is key. Apart from vaccination, pregnant women are advised to follow rigorous hygiene practices, avoid crowded places during flu season, and maintain a healthy lifestyle to bolster their immune system. In the event of flu symptoms, prompt medical consultation is crucial. Early treatment with antiviral medications can mitigate the severity of the flu and protect both the mother and the baby.

Childbirth and Seasonal Flu

The Flu’s Influence on the Childbirth Process

The presence of the flu during pregnancy can have a profound impact on the childbirth process. While there is no direct correlation between the flu and the mode of delivery (natural birth vs. Cesarean section), the overall health of the mother can influence delivery decisions. For instance, a severe flu episode leading to respiratory complications might necessitate a Cesarean section for the safety of both mother and child.

Preparing for Delivery During Flu Season

Given the risks, it is vital for expecting mothers to take extra precautions during flu season. Regular prenatal check-ups, flu vaccinations, and adherence to health guidelines are essential. Hospitals and maternity wards in India should also have protocols in place to manage pregnant women with flu symptoms, ensuring the safety and well-being of both mother and newborn.

Newborns and Exposure to Flu

The Risks for Newborns Exposed to the Flu

Newborns, particularly those whose mothers had the flu during the last stages of pregnancy, face increased risks of respiratory infections and other flu-related complications. The immature immune system of a newborn makes them more susceptible to the virus, which can lead to severe health issues, including hospitalization in some cases.

Preventive Care and Immediate Response

Preventive steps are crucial in safeguarding newborns from the flu. This includes ensuring that all caregivers are vaccinated and adhere to strict hygiene practices. In cases where the mother had the flu during pregnancy, newborns should be closely monitored for any signs of illness. Immediate medical attention is imperative at the slightest indication of flu symptoms in the newborn. Breastfeeding should be encouraged as it can transfer vital antibodies to the baby, offering additional protection against the flu.

Postpartum Care and Flu Management

Navigating the Postpartum Period Amidst Flu Concerns

The postpartum period is a critical time for new mothers, especially in the context of seasonal flu. The physical and emotional changes accompanying childbirth can make mothers more susceptible to infections, including the flu. Therefore, maintaining robust flu prevention strategies during this period is essential. This includes continuing to practice good hygiene, ensuring proper rest, and considering a seasonal flu vaccine post-delivery if not taken during pregnancy.

Safe Medication and Treatment for New Mothers

When it comes to treating flu symptoms in the postpartum period, caution is paramount, particularly for breastfeeding mothers. Medications like acetaminophen are considered safe for lowering fever and treating aches. However, it is crucial to consult with healthcare providers before taking any medication. Antiviral medications prescribed early in the course of the flu can significantly reduce the duration and severity of symptoms, facilitating a quicker recovery for the mother and minimizing the risk of transmitting the virus to the newborn.

Emphasizing Awareness and Proactive Health Management

In conclusion, the impact of seasonal flu on fertility, pregnancy, childbirth, and newborns is multifaceted, particularly in a diverse and populous country like India. Awareness and understanding of these impacts are crucial for expecting mothers and healthcare providers. Preventive measures, including vaccination and good hygiene practices, play a pivotal role in safeguarding the health of both mothers and their babies.

The key takeaway is the importance of a proactive approach towards health management during these crucial phases of life. Regular consultations with healthcare professionals, adherence to vaccination schedules, and prompt treatment of flu symptoms can significantly mitigate the risks associated with the seasonal flu. By prioritizing maternal and newborn health, we can ensure safer pregnancies and healthier beginnings for the next generation.

If you or someone you know is dealing with inverted nipples and its associated challenges, we’re here to help. Schedule a consultation at our clinic to explore the best treatment options tailored for you.

Dr Neeraj Kumar will respond to your query as soon as possible. For emergencies please call and reach Motherhood Hospital, Mohali.

At Motherhood Hospitals, we have a team of experienced supers specialists backed by the latest infrastructure and facilities. We have the best pediatrician in Mohali. We are experts in handling complex deliveries, gynecological, and other surgeries including a range of laparoscopic surgeries.

Do make an appointment with the best childcare hospital in Mohali at a center closest to you. Meet with our doctors who will carry out the required investigations, diagnose the issue, and recommend the most appropriate treatment, enabling you to lead an active life.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr Neeraj Kumar, please book your appointment here.

Important supplements during pregnancy

Author – Dr Ekawali Gupta MBBS, MS Degree in OBG, Consultant,

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Motherhood Hospital, Mohali.

Pregnancy is a miraculous journey filled with joy and challenges. One of the crucial aspects of this journey is ensuring that both the mother and the baby receive adequate nutrients for optimal health. While a balanced diet is essential, there are times when dietary intake alone may not suffice. According to Dr Ekawali Gupta , MBBS, MS Degree in OBG, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, this article aims to shed light on the important supplements that can fill the nutritional gaps during pregnancy, especially focusing on the needs of expectant mothers in India.

Why Supplements are Necessary

Nutritional Gaps

Even with a well-balanced diet, there can be nutritional gaps that need to be filled. Pregnancy increases the demand for certain vitamins and minerals, making supplementation necessary in some cases.

Increased Needs During Pregnancy

During pregnancy, the body’s requirement for nutrients like folic acid, iron, and calcium increases significantly. Supplements can help meet these increased demands and contribute to a healthy pregnancy.

Types of Supplements

Folic Acid

Why it’s Important: Folic acid is crucial for the neural tube development of the fetus. A deficiency can lead to neural tube defects like spina bifida.
Recommended Dosage: 400 to 800 mcg per day
Sources: Leafy greens, fortified cereals, and supplements.

Iron

Why it’s Important: Iron is essential for preventing anemia, a condition that can lead to preterm birth and low birth weight.
Recommended Dosage: 27 mg per day
Sources: Lentils, beans, and iron-fortified foods.

Calcium

Why it’s Important: Calcium supports the development of the baby’s bones and teeth.
Recommended Dosage: 1000 mg per day
Sources: Dairy products, fortified plant milk, and supplements.

Vitamin D

Why it’s Important: Vitamin D works in tandem with calcium for bone health and helps in the absorption of other essential nutrients.
Recommended Dosage: 600 IU per day
Sources: Sunlight, fortified foods, and supplements.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Why it’s Important: Omega-3s are essential for the development of the baby’s brain and eyes.
Recommended Dosage: 200 to 300 mg per day
Sources: Fish, flaxseeds, and supplements.

Zinc

Why it’s Important: Zinc is essential for cell division and the formation of DNA and proteins.
Recommended Dosage: 11 mg per day
Sources: Nuts, whole grains, and supplements.

Magnesium

Why it’s Important: Magnesium helps in the development of strong bones and regulates blood sugar levels.
Recommended Dosage: 350 to 360 mg per day
Sources: Leafy greens, nuts, and supplements

Herbal Supplements

Popular Herbal Supplements in India

In India, herbal supplements like Ashwagandha, Shatavari, and Triphala are often recommended during pregnancy. However, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider before incorporating these into your regimen.

Precautions

While herbal supplements can offer various benefits, they are not regulated by medical authorities. Therefore, quality and safety can vary. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.

Consulting a Healthcare Provider

Importance of Medical Advice

Supplements should never replace a balanced diet and should only be taken under medical supervision. Overdosing on certain vitamins and minerals can have adverse effects on both the mother and the baby.

Risks of Self-Prescribing

Nutrient Imbalance

One of the primary risks of self-prescribing is creating a nutrient imbalance. For example, excessive intake of vitamin A can lead to toxicity, while an overdose of iron can cause gastrointestinal issues and even more severe health problems.

Drug Interactions

Supplements can interact with medications you may already be taking. For instance, calcium can interfere with the absorption of certain antibiotics, and some herbal supplements can interact with blood thinners.

False Sense of Security

Self-prescribing can sometimes give a false sense of security, leading individuals to neglect other essential aspects of prenatal care, such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, and routine medical check-ups.

Lack of Quality Control

Over-the-counter supplements are not strictly regulated, which means the quality, safety, and efficacy can vary significantly. There’s also the risk of contamination with harmful substances.

Delay in Seeking Professional Help

Relying solely on self-prescribed supplements can delay the consultation of healthcare providers, potentially leading to missed diagnoses or ineffective treatment plans.

Ethical Considerations

Self-prescribing during pregnancy doesn’t just affect you; it also has potential implications for the health of your unborn child. Ethically, it’s crucial to consider the risks you might be posing to another life.

Legal Risks

In some jurisdictions, self-prescribing controlled substances without a valid prescription can lead to legal consequences, adding another layer of risk to the practice.

By understanding these risks, you can better appreciate the importance of consulting a healthcare provider for a personalized supplement plan. This ensures that you’re taking the right steps for both your well-being and that of your unborn child.

Conclusion

Pregnancy is a time of joy but also a period that demands extra attention to nutrition. Supplements can play a vital role in filling nutritional gaps, but they should be taken responsibly and under medical supervision. By being informed and cautious, you can ensure a healthier pregnancy journey for both you and your baby.

Dr Ekawali Gupta will respond to your query as soon as possible. For emergencies please call and reach Motherhood Hospital, Mohali.

At Motherhood Hospitals, we have a team of experienced supers specialists backed by the latest infrastructure and facilities. We have the best gynaecologist in Mohali. We are experts in handling complex deliveries, gynecological, and other surgeries including a range of laparoscopic surgeries.

Do make an appointment with the best woman care hospital in Mohali at a center closest to you. Meet with our doctors who will carry out the required investigations, diagnose the issue, and recommend the most appropriate treatment, enabling you to lead an active life.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Ekawali Gupta, please book your appointment here.

All you need to know about C Section recovery

Author – Dr Ekawali Gupta

MBBS, MS Degree in OBG, Consultant,

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Mohali.

All you need to know about C Section recovery:

Cesarean sections, commonly known as C-sections, are increasingly prevalent in India, accounting for approximately 17.2% of all births. While it’s a common surgical procedure, Dr Ekawali Gupta, MBBS, MS Degree in OBG, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist says that the recovery process is crucial for new mothers. This comprehensive guide aims to provide you with all the information you need for a smooth and healthy recovery after a C-section.

The First 24 Hours

What to Expect

The first 24 hours post-surgery are crucial for monitoring. You’ll likely experience:

Pain and Discomfort: Pain medication will be administered to manage initial discomfort.
Limited Mobility: You’ll be encouraged to move your legs to promote blood circulation but will largely remain in bed.
Vital Checks: Nurses will regularly check your vitals and surgical wound.

Tips for the First 24 Hours

Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids unless advised otherwise.
Deep Breathing: Practice deep breathing exercises to help prevent respiratory complications.

Week 1: Initial Recovery

Pain Management

Pain is a common side effect in the first week. Here’s how to manage it:

Prescribed Medication: Follow your doctor’s advice on medication.
Rest: Limit physical activity and get adequate sleep.

Mobility and Wound Care

Start Walking: Short walks within your room can aid in faster recovery.
Wound Care: Keep the surgical area clean and dry.

Emotional Well-being

Baby Bonding: Spend quality time with your newborn.
Seek Support: Don’t hesitate to ask for help from family or healthcare providers.

Weeks 2-4: Steady Recovery

Physical Activities

As you move into weeks 2-4, you’ll notice an improvement in mobility and a decrease in pain. Here’s what you can do:

Gradual Exercise: Start with light exercises like pelvic tilts and leg lifts, but consult your doctor before beginning any exercise regimen.
Avoid Heavy Lifting: Stick to lifting objects no heavier than your baby.

Diet and Nutrition

High-Protein Foods: Include lean meats, legumes, and dairy in your diet.
Stay Hydrated: Continue to drink plenty of water, especially if you are breastfeeding.

Emotional Well-being

Postpartum Depression: Be aware of signs and consult a healthcare provider if you experience prolonged periods of sadness or anxiety.
Weeks 5-6: Nearing Full Recovery

Milestones to Look For

Reduced Pain: You should experience significantly less pain.
Increased Mobility: You’ll find it easier to move around and perform daily activities.

Tips for Weeks 5-6

Doctor’s Visit: Schedule a postpartum check-up to assess your recovery.
Family Planning: Discuss contraceptive options with your healthcare provider.

Beyond 6 Weeks

Long-term Care

Exercise: Gradually return to your pre-pregnancy exercise routine, but consult your doctor first.
Sexual Activity: It’s generally safe to resume sexual activity after 6 weeks, but consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.

When to Consult a Doctor

Persistent Pain: If pain persists beyond 6 weeks, consult your healthcare provider.
Emotional Concerns: Seek professional help if you’re struggling emotionally.

Diet and Nutrition

Indian Diet Recommendations for Faster Recovery

Protein-Rich Foods: Include paneer, lentils, and chickpeas in your meals.
Fruits and Vegetables: Opt for vitamin-rich fruits like oranges and leafy greens.
Spices: Turmeric and ginger have anti-inflammatory properties and can aid in healing.

Tips for Diet and Nutrition

Avoid Spicy Foods: Spicy foods can cause discomfort, especially if you’re breastfeeding.
Stay Hydrated: Coconut water and herbal teas are good options.

Common Concerns and How to Address Them

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

When can I drive?

Answer: Generally, you can resume driving after 6 weeks, but this can vary. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice, especially if you’re still taking pain medication.

Is vaginal bleeding normal?

Answer: Light bleeding, known as lochia, is common and can last for a few weeks. However, if the bleeding persists, becomes heavy, or has a foul odor, consult your healthcare provider immediately.

Can I take a bath or shower?

Answer: Showering is usually permitted within the first few days, but bathing in a tub should be avoided until your wound has fully healed, which is typically around 2-3 weeks post-surgery.

When can I resume exercise?

Answer: Light exercises can generally be started after 2-4 weeks, but it’s crucial to get approval from your healthcare provider. More strenuous activities should be avoided until at least 6 weeks post-surgery.

How long should I wait before planning another pregnancy?

Answer: It’s generally advised to wait at least 18-24 months before planning another pregnancy to allow your body ample time to heal. However, consult your healthcare provider for advice tailored to your specific health conditions.

Is it normal to feel emotional or depressed?

Answer: Postpartum emotional changes are common, but if you experience prolonged periods of sadness, anxiety, or depression, it’s important to seek professional help. Emotional well-being is crucial for both you and your baby.

Can I breastfeed after a C-section?

Answer: Yes, breastfeeding is not only possible but also encouraged after a C-section. It may take a little time to find a comfortable position, so don’t hesitate to ask for help from healthcare providers or lactation consultants.

Myths and Facts

Myth 1: You Can’t Breastfeed After a C-Section

Fact: Breastfeeding is not only possible but also encouraged after a C-section. While it may take some time to find a comfortable position due to the surgical wound, healthcare providers and lactation consultants can offer guidance. Breastfeeding promotes bonding and provides essential nutrients to your newborn.

Myth 2: C-Section Recovery is Easier Than Natural Birth

Fact: Recovery from a C-section can actually be more challenging as it involves healing from major surgery. It requires careful attention to wound care, pain management, and physical activity.

Myth 3: You Shouldn’t Move Around Much After a C-Section

Fact: While rest is important, limited mobility can lead to complications such as blood clots. Short walks and light exercises, as advised by your healthcare provider, can aid in faster recovery.

Myth 4: A C-Section Prevents Future Vaginal Births

Fact: Many women successfully have vaginal births after a C-section (VBAC). However, several factors like the type of uterine incision and overall health will influence this, so consult your healthcare provider.

Myth 5: C-Sections are Only for High-Risk Pregnancies

Fact: While C-sections are more common in high-risk pregnancies, they can also occur due to various reasons like labor complications, the baby’s position, or maternal choice. It’s essential to discuss your options with your healthcare provider.

Myth 6: Immediate Skin-to-Skin Contact Isn’t Possible

Fact: Many hospitals now encourage immediate or early skin-to-skin contact even after a C-section, as it promotes bonding and successful breastfeeding. ## Conclusion

Recovering from a C-section is a gradual process that requires attention to physical and emotional well-being. With proper care and support, you’ll be back to your normal routine in no time. Remember, each individual’s recovery journey is unique, so always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.

Dr Ekawali Gupta will respond to your query as soon as possible. For emergencies please call and reach Motherhood Hospital, Mohali.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Ekawali Gupta, please book your appointment here.

Inverted Nipples: Signs, Causes & Treatment

Author – Dr Ekawali Gupta

MBBS, MS Degree in OBG, Consultant,

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Mohali.

Inverted Nipples: Signs, Causes & Treatment

Introduction :

Inverted nipples, a condition where the nipples are retracted inward or lie flat against the areola, is a topic often shrouded in mystery and misconceptions. As per Dr Ekawali Gupta , MBBS, MS Degree in OBG, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, his article aims to shed light on this condition, helping you understand its signs, causes, and treatment options. Whether you’re a new mother facing lactation issues or someone concerned about breast health, this comprehensive guide is for you.

Signs of Inverted Nipples

Physical Appearance

Flat Against the Areola: The nipple doesn’t protrude and lies flat.
Inward Retraction: The nipple is pulled inward, making it less visible.

Associated Symptoms

Difficulty in Lactation: Mothers may find it challenging to breastfeed.
Sensitivity: Some people experience reduced sensitivity in the nipple area.

Causes of Inverted Nipples

Congenital Factors

Genetic Predisposition: Some people are born with inverted nipples due to genetic factors.
Tissue Structure: The underlying breast tissue can cause the nipple to invert.

Acquired Factors

Ageing: Changes in skin elasticity can lead to inversion.
Breast Surgery: Procedures like breast reduction can result in inverted nipples.

Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Methods

Nipple Suction Devices: These can help pull the nipple out temporarily.
Hoffman Technique: A manual exercise to loosen the nipple tissue.

Surgical Methods

Nipple Repair Surgery: A permanent solution involving minor surgery.
Mastopexy: A breast lift can also correct inverted nipples.

When to Consult a Doctor

If you experience persistent issues with inverted nipples, especially if accompanied by other symptoms like discharge or pain, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation.

FAQs

Q: Can inverted nipples affect breastfeeding?

A: Yes, inverted nipples can make breastfeeding more challenging but not impossible. Specialized lactation consultants can offer guidance.

Q: Are inverted nipples a sign of breast cancer?

A: While inverted nipples can be a natural variation, sudden inversion could be a cause for concern and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.

Q: Can inverted nipples be corrected without surgery?

A: Yes, there are non-surgical methods like nipple suction devices and exercises that can offer temporary relief.

Q: Is the surgical correction of inverted nipples painful?

A: The procedure is generally done under local anesthesia, and most patients report minimal discomfort.

Q: Do inverted nipples affect men?

A: Yes, men can also have inverted nipples, although the condition is more commonly discussed in the context of women.

Q: Are inverted nipples hereditary?

A: There is some evidence to suggest that the condition can run in families, although it is not strictly hereditary.

Myths and Misconceptions

Myth 1: Inverted Nipples Are Abnormal

Fact: Inverted nipples are just a variation in breast anatomy and are not inherently abnormal.

Myth 2: You Can’t Breastfeed with Inverted Nipples

Fact: While it may be challenging, many women successfully breastfeed with the right guidance and tools.

Myth 3: Inverted Nipples Always Indicate Breast Cancer

Fact: While a sudden change in nipple orientation should be checked, inverted nipples themselves are not a definitive sign of breast cancer.

Myth 4: Surgery Is the Only Option for Correction

Fact: There are non-surgical methods available that can provide temporary or even long-term correction.

Myth 5: Inverted Nipples Cannot Be Sensual or Sensitive

Fact: Sensitivity varies from person to person and having inverted nipples doesn’t necessarily mean reduced sensitivity.

Conclusion

Inverted nipples are more common than most people think, and while they can pose challenges, particularly for new mothers, they are generally not a cause for alarm. Various treatment options, both surgical and non-surgical, are available to correct this condition. If you’re facing issues related to inverted nipples, don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice.

Dr Ekawali Gupta will respond to your query as soon as possible. For emergencies please call and reach Motherhood Hospital, Mohali.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Ekawali Gupta, please book your appointment here.

How to Prevent Down Syndrome During Pregnancy

Author – Dr Ekawali Gupta

MBBS, MS Degree in OBG, Consultant,

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Mohali.

Understanding Down Syndrome

Introduction:

Down syndrome is a genetic condition that affects a significant number of families worldwide, and India is no exception. With increasing awareness and medical advancements, there are ways to manage and even prevent the risk of having a child with Down syndrome. According to Dr Ekawali Gupta , MBBS, MS Degree in OBG, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist this blog aims to shed light on this sensitive topic and provide actionable steps for expectant mothers.

What is Down Syndrome?

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs when an individual has an extra copy of chromosome 21. This additional genetic material alters the course of development and causes the characteristics we associate with Down syndrome.

How is it Caused?

The condition is usually caused by an error in cell division, resulting in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. The reasons for this abnormal cell division are still not entirely understood but are believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Risk Factors

Understanding the risk factors associated with Down syndrome can help in taking preventive measures. Here are some of the key factors:

Maternal Age

35-39 Years: Women in this age group have a 1 in 350 chance of having a child with Down syndrome.
40-44 Years: The risk increases to 1 in 100 for women aged between 40 and 44.
45 Years and Above: For women over 45, the risk further escalates to 1 in 30.

Paternal Age

While maternal age is often highlighted, research suggests that advanced paternal age can also contribute to the risk, especially when combined with advanced maternal age.

Previous Child with Down Syndrome

If a family already has a child with Down syndrome, the risk for subsequent children increases. The recurrence risk is about 1% regardless of maternal age.

Genetic Translocation

In some cases, Down syndrome occurs due to a genetic translocation where a part of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome. The risk increases if either parent is a balanced carrier of the translocation.

Family History

A family history of Down syndrome or other genetic conditions can elevate the risk. Genetic counseling can provide a clearer picture of the risk based on family medical history.

Family Planning

Early Parenthood: Opting for early parenthood can be a strategic choice, especially for women, as the risk of Down syndrome increases with maternal age.
Genetic Testing Before Pregnancy: Couples with a family history of genetic disorders can opt for genetic testing even before planning a pregnancy.

Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)

What is PGD?: This technique is used in conjunction with in-vitro fertilization (IVF) to screen embryos for genetic conditions.
Who Should Consider PGD?: Couples who have a high risk of passing on genetic disorders, including Down syndrome, should consider this option.
Limitations: It’s important to note that PGD can be expensive and is not 100% foolproof.

Prenatal Screening

First Trimester: Tests like the nuchal translucency scan can provide early indicators.
Second Trimester: The triple or quadruple test can further assess the risk.
Invasive Testing: In high-risk cases, doctors may recommend invasive tests like amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS).

Consulting Healthcare Professionals

Importance of Genetic Counseling

If you’re at a higher risk of having a child with Down syndrome, consulting a genetic counselor can provide valuable insights. They can guide you through the available tests, their implications, and help you make informed decisions.

When to Consult a Doctor

If you’re planning a pregnancy or are already pregnant, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider for a comprehensive prenatal care plan. This is especially important for women over the age of 35 or those with a family history of genetic disorders.

Conclusion

Preventing Down syndrome is a complex issue that involves a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. While it’s not entirely preventable, understanding the risk factors and taking proactive steps can significantly reduce the risks. Regular prenatal check-ups, genetic counseling, and advanced screenings are essential components of a proactive healthcare approach.

Dr Ekawali Gupta will respond to your query as soon as possible. For emergencies please call and reach Motherhood Hospital, Mohali.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Ekawali Gupta, please book your appointment here.

VBAC (Vaginal Birth After Caesarean): Is It Right for You?

Author: Dr. Preethika Shetty

MBBS, MRCOG, FRCOG, DGO

Consultant – Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospital, Kharadi, Pune

VBAC (Vaginal Birth After Caesarean): Is It Right for You?

Introduction

Vaginal Birth After Caesarean (VBAC) is a term that has been gaining traction in the realm of childbirth. As per Dr. Preethika Shetty MBBS, MRCOG, FRCOG, DGO, Consultant – Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospital, Kharadi, Pune It refers to the process where women undergo vaginal delivery following a cesarean delivery in a prior pregnancy. The allure of VBAC stems from several potential benefits it holds over opting for a repeat C-section, which include a shorter recovery period, less surgical risk, and the unique experience of vaginal childbirth. This article endeavors to delve deep into the intricacies of VBAC, illuminating the pros, cons, and eligibility criteria to empower expectant mothers with the knowledge needed to make an informed decision.

Understanding VBAC

VBAC is more than just a choice; it represents a shift from the surgical procedure of a C-section to a vaginal delivery. This transition is facilitated by the body’s capability to heal post the initial C-section and the inherent ability to support a vaginal birth. The process of VBAC involves a trial of labor after cesarean section (TOLAC), wherein the mother undergoes labor with the intention of vaginal delivery, closely monitored by healthcare professionals to ensure the safety of both mother and baby.

Pros of VBAC

Opting for VBAC comes with a plethora of benefits:

Surgical Avoidance: Unlike a C-section, VBAC involves no abdominal surgery, thereby eliminating the complications associated with surgical procedures.
Speedier Recovery: The recovery period post-VBAC is significantly shorter compared to a C-section, enabling a quicker return to daily activities.
Vaginal Childbirth Experience: For many, the experience of vaginal childbirth holds emotional and psychological significance.
Consideration for Future Pregnancies: VBAC can be a prudent choice for those planning more pregnancies, helping avoid the risks associated with multiple cesarean deliveries, such as placental problems.

Risks of VBAC

While VBAC has its merits, it’s not devoid of risks:

Failed Trial of Labor: A failed trial of labor could lead to emergency C-sections, which may carry more complications than a planned C-section.
Uterine Rupture: Although rare, occurring in less than 1% of cases, uterine rupture is a serious complication where the C-section scar on the uterus breaks open, necessitating an emergency C-section.

Eligibility for VBAC

VBAC isn’t for everyone; eligibility hinges on several factors:

Type of Uterine Incision: The type of incision from the previous C-section plays a pivotal role in determining VBAC eligibility.
Previous Uterine Surgeries: Other uterine surgeries may rule out the possibility of VBAC due to the increased risk of uterine rupture.
Number of Previous C-Sections: The number of prior C-sections could influence the decision, with many healthcare providers hesitant to recommend VBAC post multiple C-sections.
Health Concerns: Existing health concerns could sway the decision towards a repeat C-section to ensure the safety of both mother and child.

Preparing for VBAC

Preparation is key:

Medical Consultations: Engaging in thorough discussions with healthcare providers to understand the risks, benefits, and the process is fundamental.
Choosing the Right Facility: Opting for a healthcare facility well-equipped to handle emergency situations and VBAC is crucial for a safe childbirth experience.

During VBAC: What to Expect

The VBAC experience aligns closely with a routine vaginal birth, albeit with continuous monitoring to promptly address any arising complications. The healthcare provider will likely recommend continuous monitoring of the baby’s heart rate and be prepared for a repeat emergency C-section if necessary.

Conclusion

VBAC is a nuanced choice with many variables at play. Armed with the right information and guided by professional medical advice, expectant mothers can make an informed decision that aligns with their personal circumstances and aspirations for childbirth. Engage in open discussions with healthcare providers, weigh the pros and cons, and prepare diligently to ensure a safe and fulfilling childbirth experience.

If you are on the verge of menopause or are going through menopause along with urinary symptoms, consult Dr. Preethika Shetty at the Motherhood Hospitals.

At Motherhood Hospitals, we have a team of experienced supers specialists backed by the latest infrastructure and facilities. We have the best gynecologist in Pune. We are experts in handling complex deliveries, gynecological, and other surgeries including a range of laparoscopic surgeries.

Do make an appointment with the best woman care hospital in pune at a center closest to you. Meet with our doctors who will carry out the required investigations, diagnose the issue, and recommend the most appropriate treatment, enabling you to lead an active life.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Preethika Shetty, please book your appointment here.

Heartburn during Pregnancy: How to Handle?

Author: Dr. Madhushree Vijayakumar

MBBS, MRCOG, FRCOG, DGO

Consultant – Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospital, Hebbal

Heartburn during Pregnancy: How to Handle?

Introduction

Heartburn, often described as a burning sensation ascending from the stomach to the chest or throat, is a prevalent discomfort encountered during pregnancy. According to Dr. Madhushree Vijayakumar MBBS, MRCOG, FRCOG, DGO, Consultant – Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospital, Hebbal, the incidence rate is significant, with a range of 17% to 45% of pregnant women grappling with this burning sensation at different stages of gestation. The journey of pregnancy brings about numerous physiological changes, one of which is the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter due to the hormone progesterone, paving the way for heartburn. This article endeavors to furnish a detailed guide on effectively managing heartburn during pregnancy, ensuring a comfortable experience for expectant mothers while safeguarding the baby’s health.

Understanding Heartburn

Heartburn is the result of stomach acid backflow into the esophagus—the tube that serves as a conduit for food from the mouth to the stomach. The relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter during pregnancy, primarily due to hormonal changes, facilitates this acid backflow, often leading to heartburn. The discomfort can range from a mild, infrequent annoyance to a severe, persistent irritation, significantly impacting the quality of life of expectant mothers. As pregnancy advances, the growing uterus exerts additional pressure on the stomach, potentially exacerbating heartburn frequency and intensity. Comprehensive knowledge about the dynamics of heartburn and its relation to pregnancy is crucial for devising effective management strategies.

Common Triggers

Identifying and understanding common triggers are the first steps towards effective heartburn management:

Spicy Foods: Spices can irritate the esophagus, instigating or worsening heartburn.
Fatty and Greasy Foods: Such foods tend to linger in the stomach longer, delaying gastric emptying and creating a conducive environment for heartburn.
Caffeine and Alcohol: Both substances can cause the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, enabling stomach acid to surge into the esophagus, and causing heartburn.

Awareness of these triggers and judicious dietary choices can significantly mitigate heartburn symptoms during pregnancy.

Lifestyle Modifications

Adopting certain lifestyle modifications can significantly alleviate heartburn symptoms:

Eating Smaller, Frequent Meals: Smaller meal portions reduce stomach pressure, minimizing the likelihood of acid reflux.
Avoid Lying Down Post Meals: Waiting at least 3 hours after meals before lying down can prevent acid backflow into the esophagus.
Elevating the Upper Body While Sleeping: A slight elevation can help keep stomach acid in its rightful place, reducing heartburn occurrence.

Dietary Modifications

Tailoring the diet to include heartburn-friendly foods while avoiding triggers can offer substantial relief:

Incorporate Alkaline Foods: Alkaline foods like bananas, melons, and cauliflower can help neutralize stomach acid.
Include High-Fiber Foods: High-fiber foods like whole grains and root vegetables can aid in digestive health, potentially reducing heartburn symptoms.
Avoiding Known Triggers: Steering clear of foods and beverages that trigger heartburn is paramount.

Non-Pharmaceutical Remedies

Exploring natural remedies, always in consultation with healthcare providers, can offer additional relief:

Herbal Teas: Certain herbal teas may soothe the digestive system, although the efficacy and safety should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Chewing Gum: Chewing gum can increase saliva production, neutralizing stomach acid.

Pharmaceutical Relief

Under medical supervision, pharmaceutical interventions can provide effective heartburn relief:

Antacids: Antacids can neutralize stomach acid, providing immediate but temporary relief.
Other Medications: Other over-the-counter or prescription medications may be recommended by healthcare providers to manage heartburn symptoms.

Coping Strategies

Employing coping strategies can help manage heartburn symptoms in daily life:

Maintaining a Heartburn Diary: Tracking food intake and heartburn occurrences can help identify personal triggers.
Seeking Professional Advice: Consulting with healthcare providers for personalized advice and treatment plans is crucial for effectively managing heartburn during pregnancy.

Conclusion

Managing heartburn during pregnancy requires a multifaceted approach encompassing lifestyle modifications, dietary adjustments, and possibly pharmaceutical interventions under medical supervision. By understanding the causes, identifying personal triggers, and adopting a tailored management plan, expectant mothers can significantly alleviate heartburn discomfort, ensuring a more comfortable and enjoyable pregnancy journey.

If you are on the verge of menopause or are going through menopause along with urinary symptoms, consult Dr. Madhushree Vijayakumar at the Motherhood Hospitals.

At Motherhood Hospitals, we have a team of experienced supers specialists backed by the latest infrastructure and facilities. We have the best gynecologist in Hebbal. We are experts in handling complex deliveries, gynecological, and other surgeries including a range of laparoscopic surgeries.

Do make an appointment with the best woman care hospital in Hebbal at a center closest to you. Meet with our doctors who will carry out the required investigations, diagnose the issue, and recommend the most appropriate treatment, enabling you to lead an active life.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Madhushree Vijayakumar, please book your appointment here.

Amniotic Fluid: What It Tells Us About Fetal Health

Author: Dr. Tejinder Kaur

MBBS, Diploma in Hospital Administration, Diploma of National Board training, Fellowship in Reproductive Medicine

Consultant: Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospital, Mohali

Amniotic Fluid: What It Tells Us About Fetal Health

Introduction:

The journey of pregnancy is a profound experience, woven with intricate biological processes that nurture the flourishing life within. Central to this developmental saga is the amniotic fluid, a serene aquatic environment that envelops the fetus, ensuring its well-being and facilitating its growth. This protective liquid not only acts as a safeguard against external adversities but also serves as a mirror reflecting the health of the fetus. This article delves into the depths of understanding amniotic fluid and unveils the insights it offers into fetal health.

The Multifaceted Functions of Amniotic Fluid:

Protection:
- The cushioning essence of amniotic fluid safeguards the fetus from potential injuries, mitigating the impact of external pressures and maternal movements.
Developmental Aid:
- It is a playground where the fetus learns to breathe and swallow, crucial activities that foster the development of the respiratory and digestive systems.

Temperature Regulation:
- The fluid retains a stable temperature around the fetus, warding off external temperature fluctuations and creating a warm, comfortable milieu for growth.
Nutritional and Hormonal Support:
- Amniotic fluid carries essential nutrients and hormones from the mother to the fetus, aiding in its overall development.

Diagnosing Disorders Through Amniotic Fluid Levels:

Oligohydramnios (Low Amniotic Fluid):
- An indicator of potential problems with the placenta, or congenital conditions affecting the fetus’s kidneys or urinary tract2 and maternal diabetes and hypertension.
Polyhydramnios (High Amniotic Fluid):
- An excess of amniotic fluid could stem from gestational diabetes, issues with the fetus’s ability to swallow, or problems with the fetus’s stomach or the placenta.

The Prognosis of Abnormal Amniotic Fluid Levels:

Low Amniotic Fluid:
- Early Pregnancy: Risks encompass miscarriage, physical deformities, or impaired lung development.
- Late Pregnancy: The fears extend to umbilical cord compression, fetal growth restriction, and respiratory issues, potentially leading to a cesarean delivery.
High Amniotic Fluid:
- The excessive fluid can exert pressure on neighboring organs, triggering symptoms like swollen feet and breathlessness. Severe scenarios may precipitate preterm labor, the fetus becoming too large, postpartum hemorrhage, or stillbirth.

Monitoring and Therapeutic Interventions:

Monitoring:
- Ultrasounds serve as a vigilant sentinel, monitoring the amniotic fluid levels and paving the way for early detection and intervention.
Treatment:
- Low Amniotic Fluid: Strategies include close monitoring, possibly increasing water intake, or induction of labor if near full-term.
- High Amniotic Fluid: Treatment might involve monitoring the size of the fetus, medication to manage fetal urine production, or in severe cases, draining a small amount of amniotic fluid.

Conclusion:

The elucidation of amniotic fluid unveils a realm of insights into fetal health, portraying a vivid picture of the fetus’s well-being. Its analysis transcends a mere procedural protocol, morphing into a narrative that intricately narrates the tale of growing life. Understanding the significance of amniotic fluid and the implications of its abnormalities empowers expectant parents and healthcare providers with knowledge, enabling a proactive approach towards nurturing a healthy pregnancy and ensuring a safe passage into the world for the burgeoning life.

If you are on the verge of menopause or are going through menopause along with urinary symptoms, consult Dr Tejinder Kaur at the Motherhood Hospitals.

At Motherhood Hospitals, we have a team of experienced supers specialists backed by the latest infrastructure and facilities. We have the best gynecologist in Mohali. We are experts in handling complex deliveries, gynecological, and other surgeries including a range of laparoscopic surgeries.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Tejinder Kaur, please book your appointment here.

Fetal Heart Monitoring: Stages, Procedures, & Results

Author: Dr. Tejinder Kaur

MBBS, Diploma in Hospital Administration, Diploma of National Board training, Fellowship in Reproductive Medicine

Consultant: Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospital, Mohali

Fetal Heart Monitoring: Stages, Procedures, & Results

Introduction:

Fetal Heart Monitoring (FHM) is a crucial practice during pregnancy and childbirth, aimed at assessing the well-being of the fetus by tracking its heart rate and, sometimes, the uterine contractions of the mother. This practice becomes especially vital in a country like India where perinatal mortality rates are relatively high due to various risk factors like maternal infection and preterm birth. This article delves into the stages when FHM is performed, the procedures involved, and what the results could indicate.

Stages:

FHM is generally conducted during three primary stages:

Prenatal Visits: Regular monitoring of the fetal heart rate during prenatal care appointments helps in the early detection of any irregularities.
High-Risk Pregnancies: Pregnancies deemed high-risk due to conditions like preeclampsia or diabetes necessitate more frequent FHM.
Labor and Delivery: Continuous monitoring during labor and delivery helps ensure the baby’s well-being and can alert healthcare providers to potential distress.

Procedures:

FHM can be carried out through various methods, each with its set of procedures:

External Monitoring:
- Fetoscope: A manual method where a fetoscope, similar to a stethoscope, is used to listen to the baby’s heartbeat. Not used in clinical practice anymore.
- Handheld Doppler: Utilizes sound waves to measure the baby’s heart rate, displayed on a pocket handheld screen.
- Continuous Doppler: During labor, continuous monitoring is done using an ultrasound device held in place on the abdomen, providing a continuous readout of the baby’s heart rate alongside uterine contractions.
Internal Monitoring:
- Conducted inside the uterus, a wire is attached to the baby’s head for continuous heart rate tracking, especially utilized when external monitoring results are unreliable or more precise monitoring is required.

Risks:

While generally safe, continuous electronic monitoring can restrict movement and potentially increase the chances of a cesarean section or delivery using vacuum devices or forceps. Internal monitoring carries risks like injury to the baby’s scalp, maternal infection, or transmission of infections like HIV from mother to baby.

Results & Follow-Up:

Results from FHM are usually shared by healthcare providers promptly. An abnormal heart rate or rhythm doesn’t always signify danger; however, persistent changes in heart rate could necessitate further monitoring, other tests, or in severe cases, an immediate cesarean section or assisted vaginal delivery.

At-Home Monitoring:

At-home fetal heart rate monitors and mobile apps are available but come with their set of drawbacks. They might not provide accurate results and could potentially lead to undue stress or a false sense of confidence. The FDA discourages the use of at-home Doppler devices due to the lack of medical necessity and the requirement of training to accurately use and interpret the devices.

Conclusion:

FHM is an invaluable tool for ensuring fetal well-being throughout pregnancy, especially during labor and delivery. While the procedures are largely safe, understanding the nuances, risks, and interpretations of FHM results is pivotal for expectant parents to ensure a healthy pregnancy and childbirth experience.

If you are on the verge of menopause or are going through menopause along with urinary symptoms, consult Dr Tejinder Kaur at the Motherhood Hospitals.

If you wish to get in touch with Dr. Tejinder Kaur, please book your appointment here.